Sulfuric Acid

Brief Introduction:
Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is one of the most important and widely used industrial acids. It is a colorless, highly corrosive liquid that plays a vital role in numerous chemical and industrial processes, including fertilizer production, chemical manufacturing, metal processing, and oil refining.

Product Category:
Sulfuric acid falls under the category of inorganic chemical compounds and mineral acids.

Applications:

1. Fertilizer Production:
   • Used in the production of phosphate fertilizers like superphosphate and ammonium sulfate.
2. Oil Refining:
   • Acts as a catalyst in refining crude oil into gasoline and other petroleum products.
3. Chemical Manufacturing:
   • Integral in the production of chemicals such as phosphoric acid, sulfates, and many others.
4. Metal Processing:
   • Sulfuric acid is used in cleaning, etching, and processing metals like copper and zinc.
5. Synthetic Fiber Production:
   • Plays a role in manufacturing polymers and synthetic fibers such as nylon and polyester.

Scientific Properties:

• Chemical Formula: H₂SO₄
• Molecular Weight: 98.08 g/mol
• Boiling Point: 337°C
• Viscosity: High viscosity and strong corrosive properties.

Consumption Barriers:

• In Humid Environments: Sulfuric acid is highly hygroscopic, and contact with water produces toxic fumes.
• Corrosion-Sensitive Areas: Due to its strong corrosive nature, it is unsuitable for materials prone to corrosion.

Hazards:

• Severe Corrosiveness: Sulfuric acid can cause severe damage to skin, eyes, respiratory systems, and tissues.
• Reaction with Water: It reacts violently with water, producing heat that can lead to explosions or hazardous fumes.
• Toxic Gas Emission: In contact with certain metals and organic compounds, it can emit toxic gases.

Standards:
Sulfuric acid must comply with ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and ISO standards to ensure safety in industrial and chemical processes.

Storage Conditions:
Sulfuric acid should be stored in corrosion-resistant containers, away from moisture and organic materials. It must be kept in a cool, dry area, isolated from heat sources and flames.

Best Manufacturers:

• BASF (Germany)
• DuPont (USA)
• Sasol (South Africa)

Major Consumers:

• Petrochemical Industries
• Fertilizer Production
• Metal Processing Plants
• Synthetic Fiber Manufacturing